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'<div>
據報道,研究人員說,因氣溫不斷上升和害蟲與真菌肆虐,預估全球2050年適合種植咖啡樹的農地將減半。一旦咖啡樹消失,勢必對仰賴咖啡豆維生的全球1.2億相關人口造成嚴重衝擊,其中許多人住在全球最貧窮的國家。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
全球目前有70個國家生產咖啡豆,咖啡產業是其中部分國家的經濟骨幹。布隆迪59%的出口所得來自咖啡豆,埃塞俄比亞33%,尼加拉瓜17%。多數咖啡農是小農,特別容易受市場起伏不定的影響。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
此外,除了因數量越來越少而導致價格上漲,咖啡的風味也可能受嚴重影響。報告說:“長期而言,咖啡豆的種植面積很可能因不利的氣候形態而不斷減少。在此局面下,咖啡豆的價格很可能受嚴重影響。部分主要產區日益極端的氣候現象可能造成供應短缺,氣溫上升則有損風味。若全球均溫增加三攝氏度或更多,甚至即溶咖啡也可能受重創。”</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
咖啡樹面臨的威脅日益嚴重,鉅變可能隨之出現。未來數十年,咖啡豆的生產可能自赤道地區往山區移動,導致森林遭到砍伐。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
此外,除了氣溫上升,氣候變遷也可能導致真菌擴散,進而破壞咖啡樹。2012年,中美洲出現異常高溫與降雨,咖啡葉鏽菌隨後侵襲咖啡樹,造成該地區35萬人失業。在哥倫比亞,咖啡葉鏽菌已出現在此前無法存活的低溫山區。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
咖啡果小蠹最早發現於剛果,目前已擴散到許多生產咖啡豆的國家。在240萬人仰賴咖啡豆維生的坦桑尼亞,這種害蟲已擴大損害的範圍。<br />
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/161212/8-161212095120294.jpg" style="width: 407px; height: 300px;" /></div>
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