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'7月13日消息，據國外媒體報道，目前，科學家最新研究表明，人們喜愛飲用的低因咖啡可能損害臭氧層。低因咖啡熱飲中包含一種溶劑二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)，伴隨着二氯甲烷的大量生成，將延遲南極洲臭氧層恢復30年時間。 現在科學家開始呼籲更好地控制二氯甲' |
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'<p>
7月13日消息，據國外媒體報道，目前，科學家最新研究表明，人們喜愛飲用的低因咖啡可能損害臭氧層。低因咖啡熱飲中包含一種溶劑——二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)，伴隨着二氯甲烷的大量生成，將延遲南極洲臭氧層恢復30年時間。</p>
<p>
現在科學家開始呼籲更好地控制二氯甲烷，但該化學物質仍存在於低因咖啡、頭髮定型劑、除臭劑和一系列家用清潔劑中。臭氧是由3個氧分子構成的氣體，它在近地面能夠對人們的健康構成威脅，但在高層大氣臭氧能夠保護人類，它可以吸收來自太陽的紫外線照射。</p>
<p>
二氯甲烷是有害物質是因爲它向上漂浮，在接近臭氧層的同溫層進行分解。當該化學物質分解，它能摧毀臭氧層中的周圍分子，使得臭氧洞逐漸變大。伴隨着臭氧洞逐漸變大，將使人類暴露在紫外線b輻射的危險等級，該狀態下能夠撕碎人體DNA，導致其發生致癌突變。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="大量飲用低因咖啡不環保？" src="/uploads/allimg/170713/12-1FG309555O28.jpg" style="width: 320px; height: 180px;" /></p>
<p>
圖中是南極洲上空的臭氧層，紫色和藍色部分是臭氧層最薄弱的區域，黃色和紅色部分是臭氧數量較多的區域。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170713/12-1FG309560W26.jpg" style="width: 320px; height: 240px;" /></p>
<p>
臭氧是3個氧分子構成的氣體，它在近地面將潛在危害人類健康，但在大氣層頂部，臭氧通過吸收太陽的紫外線輻射，能夠起到一種保護作用。</p>
<p>
上世紀80年代，科學家發現未調控使用含氯氟烴、家庭化學物質中穩定性氯化學物質，會使臭氧洞逐漸形成擴大。1987年，聯合國《蒙特利爾協議》禁止使用這種有害化學物質，但是易揮發性、消耗臭氧的物質——二氯甲烷，並未被禁止。</p>
<p>
自《蒙特利爾協議》執行以來，同溫層臭氧開始逐漸恢復，有望本世紀下半葉，臭氧指數恢復至20世紀80年代的狀況。預計2046-2057年南極“臭氧洞”將完全修復。</p>
<p>
但是目前科學家警告稱，二氯甲烷可能對臭氧消耗起到促進作用，並且該物質的使用逐漸增多，例如：低因咖啡中就含有二氯甲烷物質。英國蘭卡斯特大學研究員賴安·霍薩尼(Ryan Hossaini)博士說：“二氯甲烷是一種人造、臭氧消耗的化學物質，它用於一系列工業應用。”</p>
<p>
不同於氯氟烴(CFCs)和類似的穩定氣體，會造成臭氧枯竭，二氯甲烷具有短暫的大氣壽命，因此不受到《蒙特利爾協議》的約束。儘管這樣，增大二氯甲烷產量導致過去十年大氣濃度快速增加。</p>
<p>
雖然當前因爲二氯甲烷導致臭氧消耗並不多，目前尚不清楚未來大氣層中該氣體含量會有多少，或許將對臭氧構成一定威脅。霍薩尼說：“我們研究結果表明，二氯甲烷濃度繼續持續增長將大幅延遲臭氧層恢復，會抵消未來《蒙特利爾協議》產生的良性效應。</p>
<p>
美國國家海洋和大氣局(NOAA)斯蒂芬·蒙特茲卡(Stephen Montzka)博士說：“我們測量發現的二氯甲烷濃度增加是令人驚奇和出乎意料的，自上世紀90年代末大氣層二氯甲烷濃度開始緩慢升高，但是2000年初全球大氣層二氯甲烷平均濃度增長了兩倍。”</p>
<p>
蒙特茲卡博士強調稱，使用這種危險的化學物質將潛在增加上世紀80年代禁止使用的氯氟烴。英國利茲大學地球環境分院馬丁·奇普菲爾德(Martyn Chipperfield)教授稱，我們需要繼續監控大氣層中二氯甲烷濃度，並確定其來源。</p>
<p>
當前從大氣層受氯氟烴的影響下長遠恢復臭氧層的計劃步入正軌，但是漸增的二氯甲烷對於我們預測未來臭氧和氣候產生一些不確定因素。霍薩尼博士稱，臭氧是一種重要的氣候氣體，影響它的因素較多，二氯甲烷逐漸增多就會導致臭氧層消耗，對未來氣候影響具有重要意義。我們應當意識到二氯甲烷和類似化學物質逐漸增多對同溫層臭氧構成的威脅，它們並不受《蒙特利爾協議》的約束，當前還有許多工作需要完成，更好地理解和量化分析大氣層中二氯甲烷的來源。</p>
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'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-106418-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/views-106418' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '106418',
'm' => 'index',
) |
